Malaysian Legal System Introduction to Law

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA-FAKULTI FILEM TEATER & ANIMASI-ZOOM notES MALAYSIAN LEGAL SYSTEM+ knowledgeability TO LAW Sources of Lawstatutes, natural law reports, text books,religious beliefs, local customs, tactile sensation of jurists ? Law & MoralityOverlaps/Differs from Society e. g-gayism/illicit samsu-Swak/Psular ? Law & refereeUphold justice & depends on locality e. g rampancy ? Federal shaping (lex locci)/Written Constitution ? Highest Law of the land ?Malaysian/human rights/ indecorousness ?Any laws against the Federal Constitution-null & void ? e. retrospective penal provision/ test by the same offence/represented by a jural practitioner 24hrs MALAYSIAN LEGAL SYSTEM-MAXIMCHECK & BALANCE/MONTESQIEU ?JUDICIARY ? executive director ?LEGISTLATIVE TYPES OF LAW ?Written Law-e. g. acts/Un write Law-e. g. courts decicion ? Public Lawe. g. criminal law/Private Lawe. g. contract law ? Binding Precedent high Court binds the lower ?PersuasivePrecedentCourts of the same level persua sive LAW OF cut back ELEMENTS- 1. Offer To be distinguished from invitation to treatAdvertisement 2.Acceptance 3. Intention to make out legal relationship Mere promise for lunch treat is NOT binding 4. Consideration Except Natural Love & Affectione. g. pose to Son 5. Certainty 6. Capacity-Sound Mind MINOR General principle is not binding & restricted to the followings ? contracts for necessarieseg contracts to have food, clothes & purpose of education. ?contracts for scholarship a scholarship agreementis valid. ?contracts for insurance under the Insurance telephone number,1963, an infant everyplace the age of 10 may enter into a contract of insurance.H/e, if he is below 16, he can only do so with the written consent of his parents or guardian. CONTRACT VALIDSAH VOIDBATAL VODABLEBOLEH BATAL VOIDABLEIf proved the existence of these elements ?COERCION(paksaan) ?UNDUE INFLUENCE(tidak sewajar atau sepatutnya) ?FRAUD(penipuan) ?MISREPRESENTATION(gambaran yang salah) ? flaw(kesilapan ) LAW OF tortS ELEMENTSDUTY OF CARE- NOT TO BREACHED/TO ACT REASONABLY 1. NEGLIGENCE 2. go against Trespass to person/trespass to land / goods. Trespass to persons ? Assault ?electric battery false imprisonment. TRESSPASSERS SHALL BE LIABLENOTPROSECUTED 3. NUISANCE i. public abomination ii. private nuisance. 4. DEFAMATION ?LIBEL- publication ?SLANDER-words ? GENERAL DEFENCES (EXCEPTIONS) NEGATING LIABILITY IN TORT 1)VOLENTI NON FIT INJURIA 2)MISTAKE 3)INEVITABLE ACCIDENT 4)ACT OF GOD 5) sequestered DEFENCE. 6)NECESSITY 7)STATUTORY CONTRACT TORT 2 sides/ parties perchance More than 2parties Written/Unwritten No written aggreement essential resort Damages Remedy Damages tariff Contractual Duty Duty Duty of CareCOMPANY,PARTNERSHIP & doctor PROPRIETOR SOLE PROPRIETOR SOLE PROPRIETOR- go-ahead REGISTRATION-LOW FEES EASY TO OPERATE MOST COMMON BUSINESS/INDIVIDUAL/ENTERPRISE= SAME ENTITY RESOURCESOWN/FRIENDS/FAMILY 1 MAN SHOW FAST ON DECISION-START/CEASE OPERATE FROM HOME/NO OFFICE PARTNERSHIP PARTNERSHIP-TEAM UPRESOURCES-TANGIBLE/INTANGIBLE BIGGER SCALE RESOURCES-TANGIBLE/INTANGIBLE POPULAR AMONG PROFESSIONALS LIABILITY/ net profit SHARED PARTNERSHIP- NO AGREEMENT-PRESUMPTION=EQUALLY LIABLE PARTNERSHIP-WITH AGREEMENT-ACCORDING TO AGREEMENT PARTNER playacting ON BEHALF OF PARTNERSHIP-BINDING personalised ASSET=LIABLE COMPANY COMPANY-SEPARATE ENTITY RESOURCES-CAPITAL-PAID UP/ classical DOCUMENTATIONSMEMORANDUM/ARTICLE REGISTERED OFFICE COSTLY COMPANY SECRETARY RESOLUTIONS-LOANS? funding? PERSONAL ASSET/COMPANY ASSET AUDITED /ANNUAL MEETING dexterous PROPERTY * REAL PRORERTY- Building/chattels/land/house=tangible PERSONAL PROPERTY-Jewelleries,laptops,handphones/cars=tangible * INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY-theintangibleproduct of one persons work by hand/brain against unauthorized use or exploitation by another ? Berne Copyright Convention1886cxxxvcountries PROTECTION-INTELLECTUAL PROPERTYe. g. to be protected ?PATENT ?TRADEMARK ?INDUSTRIAL physical consistence ? CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION ?TRADE SECRET ?COPYRIGHT ?GEOGRAPHICAL power ?INTERGRATED CIRCUIT ?INDUSTRIALDESIGN mhotion 7 of the Act, Copyright Act includes ?literary works ?musical works ?artistic works ?films ? clayey recordings broadcasts PRE REQUISITE FOR PROTECTION Sec 7 (3)ORIGINAL/GENUINE Sec 8 (3)MATERIAL FORM Sec 17DURATION50 YRS AFTER DEATH MULTIMEDIA LAW Technology * A body of knowledge used to create tools, develop skills & extract or accumulate materials * An evolution of idea * Impacting the world-creating new wealth, reshaping economy & social policy General-NewMedia * e-mail * Social network * Video conference * Digitalisation -Nothing can exchange face to face communication -Cost effective-travel/ accessible large group -New skills required Same effect-on line & off line -Virtual -No barrier privacy The right to be left alone Tresspass to- * Personal Data-biological/genetics deoxyribonucleic acid /banks * Freedom-human rights * Privacy-private life Remedy ?Federa l Constitution ?Civil Proceedings ? penal Code ?Personal Data Protection Act ?Communication & multimedia system Act Malaysian RegulatoryBody Suruhanjaya Komunikasi Multimedia-THE AUTHORITY e. g. whole cellular phone accounts need to be registered JURISDICTION Post/ messenger Energy Telecoms Digital certification authorities